Internet Terminology

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Terminology and Definitions
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The following are definitions for terms used throughout the World-Wide Web. .....Or.... What does that mean when it says?

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Browser: A program used to view HTML documents (i.e. NetScape, Mosaic, Microsoft Explorer, etc.).

Client: The browser (see above) used by a visitor to a Web site.

Client Errors: An error occurring due to an invalid request by the visitor's browser. Possible errors include:

400 Bad Request: The request could not be understood by the server due to malformed syntax.

401 Unauthorized: The request required user authorization or the authorization was refused.

403 Forbidden: The server understood the request, but the server refused to fulfill it.

404 Not Found: The server did not find anything matching the request by the client. The page possibly does not exist.

Combined Log File: Two additional fields (Referrer and User Agent) are added to the Common Log File (see below) to create the Combined Log File.

Referrer: The referring URL (i.e. the URL which directed the user to your site).

User Agent: The browser and platform used by the visitor.

Common Log File: A log file format developed by NCSA which has become the standard logging format for most Web servers.

User Address: The IP address or domain name of the user accessing the site.

Rfc931: This field has become obsolete and is usually blank but some web servers use it to log Domain names for multi-homed log files.

User Authentication: The user name if it is required for access to the site.

Date/Time: The date and time of the access and the time offset from GMT.

Request: The GET (a page request) or POST (a form submission) command.

Return Code: The return status of the request which specifies whether the transfer was successful.

Transfer Size: The number of bytes transferred for the file request (i.e. the file size).

Company Database: The database installed and used by WebTrends to look up the company name, city, state and country for a specific domain name.

Domain Name: The text name corresponding to the numeric IP address of a computer on the Internet (i.e., www.egSoftware.com).

Domain Name Lookup: The process of converting a numeric IP address into a text name (for example, 204.245.240.194 is converted to www.egsoftware.com).

Filters: A means of narrowing the scope of a log file view or report by specifying ranges and/or types of data to include or exclude.

FTP: File Transfer Protocol is a standard method of sending files between computers over the Internet.

GIF: Graphics Interchange Format is an image file format commonly used in HTML documents.

Hit: An action on the Web server, such as when a user views a page or downloads a file.

Home Page URL Path: The local path or Internet URL to the default page of the Web site for which the report is being generated.

HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language is used to write documents for the World Wide Web to specify hypertext links between related objects and documents.

HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is a standard method of transferring data between a Web server and a Web browser.

In-line Image: A graphic image displayed with an HTML document.

JPEG: Joint Photographic Expert Group is a method of storing an image in digital format.

Log File: A file created by a Web server which contains all of the access information regarding the activity on a Web site.

Log File URL Path: The local path or Internet URL for the log file to be used for the report.

MPEG: Moving Pictures Expert Group is a method of storing movie files in digital format.

Multi-homed Domain: The domain name or IP address of one of the sites in a multi-homed log file (see below).

Multi-homed Log File: A single log file that contains the access information for multiple Web sites.

Multi-homed Web Server: A single computer that is hosting more than one Web site.

Platform: The operating system (i.e. Windows 95, Windows NT, etc.).

Protocol: An established method of exchanging data over the Internet.

Return Code: The return status of the request which specifies whether the transfer was successful.

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Possible "Success" codes are:
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200 = Success: OK

201 = Success: Created

202 = Success: Accepted

203 = Success: Partial Information

204 = Success: No Response

300 = Success: Redirected

301 = Success: Moved

302 = Success: Found

303 = Success: New Method

304 = Success: Not Modified

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Possible "Failed" codes are:
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400 = Failed: Bad Request

401 = Failed: Unauthorized

402 = Failed: Payment Required

403 = Failed: Forbidden

404 = Failed: Not Found

500 = Failed: Internal Error

501 = Failed: Not Implemented

502 = Failed: Overloaded Temporarily

503 = Failed: Gateway Timeout

Server: A computer that hosts information available to anyone accessing the Internet.

Server Errors: An error occurring at the server. Possible errors include:

500 Internal Server Error: The server encountered an unexpected condition preventing it from fulfilling the request.

501 Not Implemented: The server is not capable of supporting the request.

502 Bad Gateway: The server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, received an invalid response from the upstream server it accessed in attempting to fulfill the request.

503 Service Unavailable: The server was unable to handle the request due to temporary overloading.

TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol comprises the rules defining the method by which data is transferred between computers on the Internet.

TIFF: Tag Image File Format is an image file format.

URL: Universal Resource Locator is a means of identifying an exact location on the Internet. For example, http://www.egsoftware.com/html/info/default.htm is the URL which defines the use of HTTP to access the Web page Default.htm in the /html/info/ directory on the e.g. Software, Inc. Web server ). As the previous example shows, a URL is comprised of four parts: Protocol Type (HTTP), Machine Name (egsoftware.com), Directory Path (/html/info/) and File Name. (default.htm)User Address: The domain name or IP address for the remote user.

User Agent: The fields in an extended Web server log file indicating the browser and the platform used by a visitor.

User Session: A session of activity (all hits) for one user of a Web site. A unique user is determined by the IP address or domain name. By default, a user session is terminated when a user falls inactive for more than 30 minutes.

World-Wide Web (WWW, the Web, W3): The Web is a HyperText-based, distributed system developed to provide Internet users an easy, intuitive means of accessing information.

XBM: An XBitMap is a simple, black-and-white image format.

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